Objective: The stem bark of Mammea africana Sabine (Guttiferae), (M. africana) a common plant that has been traditionally used to treat various diseases and ailments was evaluated for hepatoprotective potentials against paracetamol-induced liver injury in rats.Materials and Methods: The hepatoprotective effect of the stem bark EXTRACT (30-90 mg/kg) was evaluated by the assay of liver function parameters, namely total and direct bilirubin, serum protein and albumin, total cholesterol, alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase activities (ALP), antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH) and histopathological study of the liver.Results: Administration of the stem bark EXTRACT caused a significant (p<0.05 – 0.001) dose-dependent reduction of high levels of liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP), total cholesterol, direct and total bilirubin as well as elevation of serum levels of total protein, albumin and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH). Histology of the liver sections of EXTRACT and silymarin-treated animals showed reductions in the pathological features compared to the paracetamol-treated animals. The chemical pathological changes were consistent with histopathological observations suggesting marked hepatoprotective effect of the stem bark EXTRACT of M. africana.Conclusion: The results show that the stem bark EXTRACT of M. africana has hepatoprotective potential which may be due to its antioxidant activity.

The flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, steroids, and tannins found in Sargassum polycystum are thought to possess antioxidant qualities. The gold standard for predicting human safety is toxicity testing. The toxicity of a 96% ETHANOL EXTRACT of Sargassum polycystum on zebrafish embryos was examined in this study. Sargassum polycystum was EXTRACTed using the Ultrasonic Assisted EXTRACTion (UAE) technique. As part of acute toxicity experiments, zebrafish eggs were exposed to five concentrations of Sargassum polycystum EXTRACT for 96 hours in accordance with OECD Guideline number 236. 2013. By monitoring coagulation, somite growth, talc-bud release from yolk, and heart rate, toxicity parameters (LC50) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were evaluated. The LC50 value of Sargassum polycystum EXTRACT was determined as 1671.998 µg/mL.

In the past few years, the world has taken a new view to herbal remedies and their applications and many researchers in various fields of medicine are studying this subject. In our program searching for antibacterial agents we have selected an EXTRACT prepared from the Pentanema divaricata. No report on the antibacterial activity of this species has been published in literature. Pentanema divaricata was collected from the around of Shiraz, Iran and identified. This plant was tested for its antibacterial activity on different bacterial species. The whole plant was used in this experiment and EXTRACTed with mETHANOL (yield 13%). The mETHANOL EXTRACT was partitioned in succession with different solvents. A notable effect was observed on gram-positive bacterial species Our results suggest that the mETHANOL EXTRACT of Pentanema divaricata has an antibacterial activity, which is distributed in the non-polar fractions.

Introduction: Today, medicinal plants are being widely used due to being natural, available, and cheaper than synthetic drugs and having minimum side effects. Since there were reports about the antibacterial properties of Solanum tuberosum (SE), the aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of SE ETHANOL EXTRACT in vitro condition on Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae Methods: ETHANOL EXTRACT of SE peel was prepared by maceration method. Initially, antibacterial activity of ETHANOL EXTRACT of SE was qualitatively determined by disk diffusion test; then, the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were qualitatively determined by micro-dilution method.Results: SE peel EXTRACT had antibacterial properties and its effect was more pronounced on gram-positive bacteria, especially S. aureus (0.62±0.00 mg/ml). The EXTRACT had antibacterial activity on gram-negative bacteria, P. aeruginosa, too (8.33±2.88 mg/ml).Conclusion: SE peel EXTRACT has antibacterial activity and its effect on gram-positive bacteria was more pronounced than the investigated gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, it is suggested that SE peel constituent compounds be determined and to determine the exact mechanism of its antibacterial properties, and more comprehensive research be done to apply it, clinically.